Vehicle-to-Everything Service

Description

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) service is a communication service that enables the exchange of information between a vehicle and various entities, such as other vehicles (V2V), pedestrians (V2P), infrastructure (V2I), and networks (V2N). It is a foundational element for intelligent transportation systems (ITS), supporting applications like collision avoidance, traffic efficiency, and autonomous driving. The V2X service is defined in 3GPP TS 23.286, TS 23.287, and TS 23.785, and is part of the broader 3GPP V2X architecture. A V2X service is a data service offered to V2X applications and optionally to V2X Application Servers. It belongs to one V2X service type, which categorizes the service based on its characteristics and requirements. The service may include message delivery or other data delivery, as specified in TS 22.185 and TS 22.186. A V2X service can be associated with one or more V2X applications, and conversely, a V2X application can be associated with one or more V2X services. This many-to-many relationship allows flexibility in how applications utilize the underlying services. The V2X service is provided over 3GPP transport, which can be via LTE (PC5 and Uu) or 5G NR (PC5 and Uu). The PC5 interface enables direct communication between UEs (vehicles, pedestrians, etc.) without network involvement, while the Uu interface uses the network infrastructure for communication. The V2X service is characterized by its service type, which defines the specific requirements such as latency, reliability, and data rate. For example, a V2X service type for cooperative collision avoidance may require ultra-low latency and high reliability. The 3GPP V2X architecture includes the V2X Application Server, which can provide additional services and manage V2X communications. The V2X service is a key enabler for advanced driving use cases, and its evolution continues to support new features like 5G V2X with enhanced capabilities. The service is designed to be flexible and scalable, accommodating a wide range of applications from basic safety to advanced autonomous driving.

Purpose & Motivation

The V2X service was created to provide a standardized framework for vehicle-to-everything communication within 3GPP networks, addressing the need for reliable, low-latency communication for intelligent transportation systems. Before V2X, vehicle communication relied on non-cellular technologies like IEEE 802.11p (DSRC), which had limited range, lacked network integration, and did not support wide-area connectivity. The 3GPP V2X service leverages cellular networks to provide broader coverage, higher reliability, and integration with network services. It solves the problem of interoperability by defining a common service layer that can be used by various V2X applications, ensuring that different vehicles and infrastructure can communicate seamlessly. The service also enables the use of network-based services, such as traffic information and remote driving, through the V2X Application Server. The initial release (Rel-14) focused on basic V2X services (V2V, V2P, V2I, V2N) using LTE, while later releases (Rel-16 and beyond) introduced 5G V2X with enhanced capabilities like higher data rates, lower latency, and support for advanced use cases such as platooning and extended sensors. The V2X service is motivated by the need to improve road safety, traffic efficiency, and to enable autonomous driving. It provides a standardized way to exchange messages between vehicles and other entities, ensuring that safety-critical information is delivered reliably and timely. The service also supports the integration of V2X with other 3GPP services, such as network slicing and edge computing, to meet diverse requirements.