From LTE to 5G-Advanced — overview of mobile network evolution
First 4G standard with all-IP architecture, OFDMA, and EPC. LTE revolutionized mobile networks with flat architecture, low latency under 10ms, and peak rates up to 300 Mbps.
True 4G meeting IMT-Advanced requirements with Carrier Aggregation up to 100 MHz, Enhanced MIMO 8x8, CoMP, Relay Nodes, and Heterogeneous Networks.
Pre-5G evolution with License Assisted Access (LAA) for unlicensed spectrum, NB-IoT and LTE-M for massive IoT, V2X for vehicular communication, and Massive MIMO.
5th generation with 5G Core (5GC), New Radio (NR), mmWave support, network slicing, URLLC for ultra-reliable low-latency, and massive machine-type communications.
5G evolution introducing AI/ML for RAN optimization, XR (extended reality) support, Ambient IoT for passive devices, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), and duplex evolution.
This overview provides a structured view of mobile technologies defined in 3GPP specifications.
Each technology is described according to mobile network structure: UE (terminal), RAN (radio network), Core Network, Services, and Security.
For detailed technical information, consult the original 3GPP specifications in the Specifications section, or browse the Glossary for term definitions.