Media formats and codecs for Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)

3GPP TS 26.140 V9.0.0 (2009-12)
Technical Specification
3rd Generation Partnership Project;
Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects;
Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS);
Media formats and codecs
(Release 9)

	 EMBED Word.Picture.8  	

The present document has been developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP TM) and may be further elaborated for the purposes of 3GPP.
The present document has not been subject to any approval process by the 3GPP Organizational Partners and shall not be implemented.
This Specification is provided for future development work within 3GPP only. The Organizational Partners accept no liability for any use of this Specification.
Specifications and reports for implementation of the 3GPP TM system should be obtained via the 3GPP Organizational Partners' Publications Offices.



Keywords
GSM, UMTS, MMS, protocol, codec, LTE


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The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© 2009, 3GPP Organizational Partners (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TTA, TTC).
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Contents
 TOC \o "1-9" Foreword	 PAGEREF _Toc248224652 \h 4
1	Scope	 PAGEREF _Toc248224653 \h 5
2	References	 PAGEREF _Toc248224654 \h 5
3	Definitions and abbreviations	 PAGEREF _Toc248224655 \h 8
3.1	Definitions	 PAGEREF _Toc248224656 \h 8
3.2	Abbreviations	 PAGEREF _Toc248224657 \h 8
4	Media formats	 PAGEREF _Toc248224658 \h 8
4.1	Text	 PAGEREF _Toc248224659 \h 9
4.2	Speech	 PAGEREF _Toc248224660 \h 9
4.3	Audio	 PAGEREF _Toc248224661 \h 9
4.4	Synthetic audio	 PAGEREF _Toc248224662 \h 10
4.5	Still Image	 PAGEREF _Toc248224663 \h 10
4.6	Bitmap graphics	 PAGEREF _Toc248224664 \h 10
4.7	Video	 PAGEREF _Toc248224665 \h 10
4.8	Vector graphics	 PAGEREF _Toc248224666 \h 11
4.9	File Format for video and associated speech/audio media types	 PAGEREF _Toc248224667 \h 11
4.10	Media synchronization and presentation format	 PAGEREF _Toc248224668 \h 11
4.11	Timed text	 PAGEREF _Toc248224669 \h 11
4.12	Digital Rights Management	 PAGEREF _Toc248224670 \h 11
4.13	PIM	 PAGEREF _Toc248224671 \h 12
4.14	Dynamic and Interactive Multimedia Scene	 PAGEREF _Toc248224672 \h 12
Annex A (informative):	Change history	 PAGEREF _Toc248224673 \h 13

Foreword
This Technical Specification has been produced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows:
Version x.y.z
where:
x	the first digit:
1	presented to TSG for information;
2	presented to TSG for approval;
3	or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control.
y	the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections, updates, etc.
z	the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the specification;
The 3GPP Multimedia messaging service (MMS) specification consists of three 3GPP TSs; 3GPP TS 22.140, 3GPP TS 23.140 and the present document. The TS 3GPP TS 22.140 [22]provides a set of requirements which shall be supported for the provision of non real-time multimedia messaging service, seen primarily from the subscriber's and service providers' points of view. The TS 23.140 [23] identifies the functional capabilities and information flows needed to support the MMS. The present document provides the details of media types, formats and codecs used by the MMSservice
The issue of codecs ad for MMS services has been addressed initially in TS 23.140, owned by the 3GPP T2 group. During the TSG-T WG2 group meeting in Edinburgh in September 2001, the TSG-T WG2 group sent a Liaison statement (S4-AHP040) to the 3GPP SA WG4 group, requesting that the responsibility for the specification of codecs and formats to be used in MMS services is transferred to SA WG4 group starting with Release 5. 
After the SA WG4 group agreed to take over this responsibility, and the present document is the result of such commitment on Release 6.
For the sake of interoperability and alignment it is important there is no contradiction between the recommendations made in the present document and in the 26.234 specification [14].
1	Scope
The present document specifies the media types, formats and codecs for the MMS within the 3GPP system. The scope of the present document extends to codecs for speech, audio, video, still images, bitmap graphics, and other media in general, as well as scene description, multimedia integration and synchronization schemes. 
2	References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document.
References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non‑specific.
For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same Release as the present document.
3GPP TR 21.905: "Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications".
The Unicode Consortium: "The Unicode Standard", Version 2.0, Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 1996.URL: http://www.unicode.org/.
ANSI X3.4, 1986: "Information Systems; Coded Character Set 7 Bit; American National Standard Code for Information Interchange".
	ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998: "Information technology; 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets; Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1".
IETF; RFC 2279: "UTF-8, A Transformation format of ISO 10646", URL: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2279.txt.
3GPP TS 24.011: "Point‑to‑Point (PP) Short Message Service (SMS) support on mobile radio interface".
3GPP TS 26.090: "AMR speech Codec Transcoding functions".
ITU-T Recommendation T.81: "Information technology; Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Requirements and guidelines".
"JPEG File Interchange Format", Version 1.02, September 1, 1992.
ITU-T Recommendation H.263 (02/98): "Video coding for low bit rate communication".
	ITU-T Recommendation H.263 – Annex X (03/04): "Annex X: Profiles and levels definition".
ISO/IEC 14496-2 (2004): "Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 2: Visual".
(void).
3GPP TS 26.234: "End-to-end transparent streaming Service; Protocols and codecs".
CompuServe Incorporated: "GIF Graphics Interchange Format: A Standard defining a mechanism for the storage and transmission of raster-based graphics information", Columbus, OH, USA, 1987.
Compuserve Incorporated, Columbus, Ohio (1990): "Graphics Interchange Format (Version 89a)".
IETF RFC 2083: "PNG (Portable Networks Graphics) Specification version 1.0 ", T. Boutell, et. al., March 1997.
ITU-T Recommendation H.263 (1998): "Video coding for low bit rate communication - Annex X, Profiles and Levels Definition".
ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001, "Information technology -- Coding of audio-visual objects -- Part 3: Audio".
W3C Last Call Working Draft: "Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.2",  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-SVG12-20041027/" http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-SVG12-20041027/, October 2004.
W3C Last Call Working Draft: "Mobile SVG Profile: SVG Tiny, Version 1.2",  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-SVGMobile12-20040813/" http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-SVGMobile12-20040813/, August 2004.
3GPP 22.140: "Service Aspects; Stage 1; Multimedia Messaging Service".
3GPP 23.140: "Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS); Functional Description; Stage 2".
W3C Recommendation: "Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL 2.0)",  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-smil20-20010807/" http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-smil20-20010807/, August 2001.
IETF RFC 2046: "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types".
3GPP TS 26.071: "Mandatory Speech Codec speech processing functions; AMR Speech Codec; General description".
3GPP TS 26.171: "Speech codec speech processing functions; Adaptive Multi-Rate - Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec; General description".
Scalable Polyphony MIDI Specification Version 1.0, RP-34, MIDI Manufacturers Association, Los Angeles, CA, February 2002.
Scalable Polyphony MIDI Device 5-to-24 Note Profile for 3GPP, RP-35, MIDI Manufacturers Association, Los Angeles, CA, February 2002.
WAP Forum Specification: "XHTML Mobile Profile",  HYPERLINK "http://www1.wapforum.org/tech/terms.asp?doc=WAP-277-XHTMLMP-20011029-a.pdf" http://www1.wapforum.org/tech/terms.asp?doc=WAP-277-XHTMLMP-20011029-a.pdf, October 2001.
"Standard MIDI Files 1.0", RP-001, in "The Complete MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification, Document Version 96.1 " The MIDI Manufacturers Association, Los Angeles, CA, USA, February 1996.
IETF RFC 3267: " RTP payload format and file storage format for the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) audio codecs ", March 2002.
3GPP TS 26.244: “Transparent end-to-end packet switched streaming service (PSS); 3GPP file format (3GP)”
	3GPP TS 26.246: "Transparent end-to-end packet switched streaming service (PSS); 3GPP SMIL Language Profile".
3GPP TS 26.245: "Transparent end-to-end packet switched streaming service (PSS); Timed text format"
IETF RFC 1952 “GZIP file format specification version 4.3”, Deutsch P, May 1996.
(void)
Mobile DLS, MMA specification v1.0. RP-41 Los Angeles, CA, USA. 2004.
Mobile XMF Content Format Specification, MMA specification v1.0., RP-42, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 2004.
3GPP TS 26.090: "Mandatory Speech Codec speech processing functions; Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech codec; Transcoding functions".
3GPP TS 26.073: "ANSI-C code for the Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) speech codec".
3GPP TS 26.104: "ANSI-C code for the floating-point Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) speech codec".
3GPP TS 26.190: "Speech Codec speech processing functions; AMR Wideband speech codec; Transcoding functions".
3GPP TS 26.173: "ANCI-C code for the Adaptive Multi Rate - Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec".
3GPP TS 26.204: "ANSI-C code for the Floating-point Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec".
3GPP TS 26.290: “Extended AMR Wideband codec; Transcoding functions”.
3GPP TS 26.304: “ANSI-C code for the Floating-point; Extended AMR Wideband codec”.
3GPP TS 26.273: “ANSI-C code for the Fixed-point; Extended AMR Wideband codec”.
3GPP TS 26.401: "General audio codec audio processing functions; Enhanced aacPlus general audio codec; General description".
3GPP TS 26.410: "General audio codec audio processing functions; Enhanced aacPlus general audio codec; Floating-point ANSI-C code".
3GPP TS 26.411: "General audio codec audio processing functions; Enhanced aacPlus general audio codec; Fixed-point ANSI-C code".
ITU-T Recommendation H.264 (2003): "Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services" | ISO/IEC 14496-10:2003: "Information technology – Coding of audio-visual objects – Part 10: Advanced Video Coding".
ISO/IEC 14496-10/FDAM1: "AVC Fidelity Range Extensions".
“Exchangeable image file format for digital still cameras: EXIF 2.2”, Specification by the Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA), April 2002, URL:  HYPERLINK "http://www.exif.org/" http://www.exif.org/
Standard ECMA-327: "ECMAScript 3rd Edition Compact Profile", June 2001.
“Digital Rights Management”, Open Mobile AllianceTM, OMA-Download-DRM-v1_0,  HYPERLINK "http://www.openmobilealliance.org/" http://www.openmobilealliance.org/
“DRM Rights Expression Language”, Open Mobile AllianceTM, OMA-Download-DRMREL-v1_0,  HYPERLINK "http://www.openmobilealliance.org/" http://www.openmobilealliance.org/
“DRM Content Format”, Open Mobile AllianceTM, OMA-Download-DRMCF-v1_0,  HYPERLINK "http://www.openmobilealliance.org/" http://www.openmobilealliance.org/
“vObject Minimum Interoperability Profile”, Open Mobile AllianceTM, OMA-TS-vObjectOMAProfile-V1_0,  HYPERLINK "http://www.openmobilealliance.org/" http://www.openmobilealliance.org/
3GPP TR  HYPERLINK "http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/26936.htm" 26.936: “Performance characterization of 3GPP audio codecs”.
3GPP TS 26.142: “Dynamic and Interactive Multimedia Scene”.
3	Definitions and abbreviations
3.1	Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
continuous media: media with an inherent notion of time, in the present document speech, audio and video
discrete media: media that itself does not contain an element of time, in the present document all media not defined as continuous media
scene description: description of the spatial layout and temporal behaviour of a presentation, it can also contain hyperlinks
3.2	Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply:
3GP	3GPP file format
AAC	Advanced Audio Coding
AVC	Advanced Video Coding
CC/PP	Composite Capability/Preference Profiles
DIMS	Dynamic and Interactive Multimedia Scene
DLS	Downloadable Sounds
DRM	Digital Rights Management
Enhanced aacPlus	MPEG-4 High Efficiency AAC plus MPEG-4 Parametric Stereo
EXIF	Exchangeable image file format
GIF	Graphics Interchange Format
H.263	ITU-T video codec
ITU-T	International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications
JFIF	JPEG File Interchange Format
JPEG	Joint Picture Expert Group 
MIDI	Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MIME	Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
MM	Multimedia Message	
MMS	Multimedia Messaging Service
MPEG	Motion Picture Expert Group
MP4	MPEG-4 file format
PIM	Personal Information Manager
PSS	Packet-switched Streaming Service
SBR	Spectral Band Replication
SP-MIDI	Scalable Polyphony MIDI
SVG	Scalable Vector Graphics
UTF-8	Unicode Transformation Format (the 8-bit form)
XMF	Extensible Music Format

4	Media formats
Multiple media elements shall be combined into a composite single MM using MIME multipart format as defined in RFC 2046 [25]. The media type of a single MM element shall be identified by its appropriate MIME type whereas the media format shall be indicated by its appropriate MIME subtype.
In order to guarantee a minimum support and compatibility between multimedia messaging capable terminals, MMS User Agent supporting specific media types shall comply with the following selection of media formats:
4.1	Text
Plain text. Any character encoding (charset) that contains a subset of the logical characters in Unicode [2] shall be used (e.g. US-ASCII [3], ISO-8859-1 [4], UTF-8 [5], Shift_JIS, etc.).
Unrecognized subtypes of "text" shall be treated as subtype "plain" as long as the MIME implementation knows how to handle the charset. Any other unrecognized subtype and unrecognized charset shall be treated as "application/octet ‑ stream".
Interoperability with SMS text type is according to [23].
4.2	Speech
If speech is supported, the AMR codec shall be supported for narrow-band speech [26][40][41][42].
The AMR wideband speech codec [27][43][44][45] shall be supported when wideband speech working at 16 kHz sampling frequency is supported. 
When using speech media type alone, AMR or AMR-WB data is stored according to the file format specified in [32].
Multi-channel sessions shall not be used.
4.3	Audio
If audio is supported, then one or both of the following two audio codecs should be supported:
-	Enhanced aacPlus [49] [50] [51] 
-	Extended AMR-WB [46] [47] [48]
There is no requirement that a terminal supporting decoding by one of the codecs shall also support encoding by that codec.
Specifically, based on the audio codec selection test results Extended AMR-WB is strong for the scenarios marked with blue, Enhanced aacPlus is strong for the scenarios marked with orange, and both are strong for the scenarios marked with green colour in the table below:

Content type
Bit rate
Music
Speech over Music
Speech between Music
Speech
14 kbps mono




18 kbps stereo




24 kbps stereo




24 kbps mono




32 kbps stereo




48 kbps stereo





More recent information on the performance of the codecs based on more recent versions of the codecs can be found in TR 26.936 [60].
Enhanced aacPlus decoder is also able to decode MPEG-4 AAC LC content.
Extended AMR-WB decoder is also able to decode AMR-WB content.
In addition, MPEG-4 AAC Low Complexity and MPEG-4 AAC Long Term Prediction object types [19] may be supported. The maximum sampling rate to be supported by the decoder is 48 kHz. The channel configurations to be supported are mono (1/0) and stereo (2/0). 
4.4	Synthetic audio
If synthetic audio is supported, the Scalable Polyphony MIDI (SP-MIDI) content format defined in Scalable Polyphony MIDI Specification [28] and the device requirements defined in Scalable Polyphony MIDI Device 5-to-24 Note Profile for 3GPP [29] should be supported. 
SP-MIDI content is delivered in the structure specified in Standard MIDI Files 1.0 [31], either in format 0 or format 1.
In addition the Mobile DLS instrument format defined in [38] and the Mobile XMF content format defined in [39] should be supported.
A MMS client supporting Mobile DLS shall meet the minimum device requirements defined in [38] in section 1.3 and the requirements for the common part of the synthesizer voice as defined in [29] in sections 1.2.1.2. If Mobile DLS is supported, wavetables encoded with the G.711 A-law codec (wFormatTag value 0x0006, as defined in [38]) shall also be supported.  The optional group of processing blocks as defined in [39] may be supported. Mobile DLS resources are delivered either in the file format defined in [38], or within Mobile XMF as defined in [39]. For Mobile DLS files delivered outside of Mobile XMF, the loading application should unload Mobile DLS instruments so that the sound bank required by the SP-MIDI profile [29] is not persistently altered by temporary loadings of Mobile DLS files.
Content that pairs Mobile DLS and SP-MIDI resources is delivered in the structure specified in Mobile XMF [39]. As defined in [39], a Mobile XMF file shall contain one SP-MIDI SMF file and no more than one Mobile DLS file. MMS clients supporting Mobile XMF must not support any other resource types in the Mobile XMF file. Media handling behaviours for the SP-MIDI SMF and Mobile DLS resources contained within Mobile XMF are defined in [39].
4.5	Still Image
If still images are supported, ISO/IEC JPEG [8] together with JFIF [9] shall be supported. The support for ISO/IEC JPEG only apply to the following two modes:
-	mandatory: baseline DCT, non-differential, Huffman coding, as defined in table B.1, symbol 'SOF0' in [8];
-	optional: progressive DCT, non-differential, Huffman coding, as defined in table B.1, symbol 'SOF2' [8].
For JPEG baseline DCT, EXIF compressed image file format should also be supported, as defined in [54]. In that case there is no requirement for the MMS client to interpret or present the EXIF parameters recorded in the file.
4.6	Bitmap graphics
If bitmap graphics is supported, the following bitmap graphics formats should be supported:
-	GIF87a [15];
-	GIF89a, [16];
-	PNG, [17].
4.7	Video
If video is supported, ITU-T Recommendation H.263 profile 0 level 45 [10][11] shall be supported. In addition:
-	H.263 Profile 3 Level 45 [10][11];
-	MPEG-4 Visual Simple Profile Level 0b [12];
-	H.264 (AVC) Baseline Profile Level 1b [52][53] with constraint_set1_flag=1;
should be supported. There are no requirements on output timing conformance of H.264 (AVC) decoding (Annex C of [52]).
A video buffer model defined in Annex G of document [14] should be used with H.263 and MPEG-4. It shall not be used with H.264 (AVC).
NOTE:	ITU-T Recommendation H.263 profile 0 has been mandated to ensure that video-enabled MMS supports a minimum baseline video capability. Both H.263 and MPEG-4 visual decoders can decode an H.263 profile 0 bitstream. It is strongly recommended, though, that an H.263 profile 0 bitstream is transported and stored as H.263 and not as MPEG-4 visual (short header), as MPEG-4 visual is not mandated by MMS.
4.8	Vector graphics
If 2D vector graphics is supported, Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Tiny 1.2 [20][21] and ECMAScript [55] shall be supported.
NOTE 1:	The compression format for SVG content is GZIP [35], in accordance with the SVG specification [20].
NOTE 2:	Only media formats supported by MMS, as specified in clause 4 of this specification, shall be used. MMS clients do not support the Ogg Vorbis format.
NOTE 3:	Content creators of SVG Tiny 1.2 for MMS clients are strongly recommended to follow the content creation guidelines provided for PSS clients in Annex L of [14].
NOTE 4:	If SVG Tiny 1.2 will not be published within a reasonable timeframe, the decision to adopt SVG Tiny 1.2 in favour of SVG Tiny 1.1 may be reconsidered.
4.9	File Format for video and associated speech/audio media types
To ensure interoperability for the transport of video and associated speech/audio and timed text in an MM, the 3GPP file format with Basic profile shall be supported.
The usage of the 3GPP file format shall follow the technical specifications and the implementation guidelines specified in TS 26.233 [33]
NOTE:	When using speech media type alone, AMR or AMR-WB data is stored according to the file format specified in [32].
4.10	Media synchronization and presentation format
The 3GPP MMS uses a subset of SMIL 2.0 [24] for media synchronization and scene description. MMS clients and servers with support for media synchronization and scene descriptions shall support the 3GPP SMIL Language Profile defined in [34].
This profile is a subset of the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile but a superset of the SMIL 2.0 Basic Language Profile. Document [34] also includes an informative annex A that provides guidelines for SMIL content authors.
Additionally,  XHTML Mobile Profile [30] for scene description should be supported. MMS clients and servers with support for scene descriptions based on XHTML shall support XHTML Mobile Profile [30], defined by the WAP Forum.
XHTML Mobile Profile is a subset of XHTML 1.1 but a superset of XHTML Basic.
4.11	Timed text
If timed text is supported, MMS clients shall support [35] with 3GP files using Basic profile [33].
4.12	Digital Rights Management
If Rights Management is supported, OMA Digital Rights Management  (DRM) 1.0 [56][57][58] shall be supported.
4.13	PIM
If Personal Data Interchange is supported this shall be done according to the OMA vObject Minimum Interoperability Profile [59].
4.14	Dynamic and Interactive Multimedia Scene
If dynamic and interactive multimedia scene is supported, MMS clients and servers shall support 3GPP TS 26.142 [61].
Annex A (informative):
Change history
Change history
DateTSG #TSG Doc.CRRevSubject/CommentOldNew2002-0315SP-020075Version 2.0.0 presented for approval2.0.05.0.02002-0616SP-020224001Correcting the reference to AMR and AMR-WB RTP payload5.0.05.1.02002-1218SP-020691002Code points for H.2635.1.05.2.02002-1218SP-0206910031File Format name change from MP4 to 3GP5.1.05.2.02004-0925SP-0406410062Introduction of Extended AMR-WB and Enhanced aacPlus into MMS service5.2.06.0.02004-0925SP-0406500071Update of MMS codecs and formats with Release 6 functionality5.2.06.0.02004-0925SP-0406550081Update of MMS codecs and formats with H.2645.2.06.0.02004-1226SP-0408380091Support for EXIF in MMS6.0.06.1.02004-1226SP-040838010Adoption of SVG Tiny 1.2 for MMS6.0.06.1.02005-1227SP-0501750112Introduction of PIM and DRM6.1.06.2.02006-0331SP-06000900121Addition of a reference to TR 26.9366.2.06.3.02006-0933SP-0606000013Editorial correction of references6.3.07.0.02007-0636SP-07031900142Inclusion of DIMS in MMS7.0.07.1.02008-1242Version for Release 87.1.08.0.02009-1246Version for Release 98.0.09.0.0




















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