Glossary term · Services

SEAL

Service Enabler Architecture Layer for Verticals

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SEAL is a 3GPP standardized service capability layer that provides common enablers and APIs for vertical applications by abstracting underlying network complexities to accelerate development and ensure interoperability.

Introduced
Rel-16
Specifications
35 specs
Category
Services
Introduced
Rel-16
Specifications
35 specs
SEAL Description Purpose Related Classification Detected Changes Specifications

Description

The Service Enabler Architecture Layer for Verticals (SEAL) is a comprehensive framework defined by 3GPP to facilitate the development and deployment of services for various industry verticals such as automotive (V2X), IoT, drones, and industrial automation. It is not a single network function but a layered architecture comprising a set of common service enablers that expose standardized Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to vertical applications. SEAL sits above the core network functions and abstracts the underlying 3GPP network capabilities, providing a unified and simplified interface for service developers. Key components of the SEAL architecture include enablers for Group Management, Configuration Management, Identity Management, Location Management, Network Resource Management, and the SEAL Data Delivery (SEALDD) function. These enablers work in concert; for example, the Group Management enabler allows an application to define a logical group of UEs (like all drones in a fleet), and the Location Management enabler can then provide the positions of all members in that group. SEAL operates by receiving requests from vertical applications via its northbound APIs, then orchestrating the necessary interactions with 3GPP network functions (like NEF, UDM, GMLC) or other SEAL enablers to fulfill the request. It handles aspects like service authorization, policy enforcement, and data transformation. Its role is to act as a middleware that hides the heterogeneity and complexity of network interfaces, enabling verticals to innovate rapidly without deep telecommunications expertise, while ensuring efficient, secure, and reliable use of 3GPP network assets.

Purpose & Motivation

SEAL was created in 3GPP Release 16 to address a critical gap in the 5G ecosystem: the difficulty for vertical industries to leverage advanced 3GPP network capabilities. Prior to SEAL, verticals had to engage in complex, point-to-point integrations with various network functions (e.g., NEF, SCEF), leading to fragmented, non-interoperable solutions and slow time-to-market. The proliferation of vertical-specific architectures (like for V2X) also risked creating silos. The primary purpose of SEAL is to provide a unified, standardized, and reusable layer of common service enablers that are agnostic to specific verticals. This solves the problems of integration complexity, lack of interoperability, and redundant development efforts. By offering a consistent set of APIs for common needs like group communication, location, and device management, SEAL significantly lowers the barrier to entry for vertical application providers. It was motivated by the 5G vision of enabling a diverse range of services beyond mobile broadband, ensuring that the network can be efficiently exposed and monetized while giving verticals the tools they need to build scalable, reliable services.

Classification

Part ofNEF
Related approachesV2X

Detected Changes Across Releases

from 3GPP Change Requests

Specific changes extracted from the „Change history“ tables of 3GPP specifications (94 CRs across 5 releases). Complements the general historical overview above with the evidence-based evolution of this function.

Rel-16 9 changes
  • SIP based subscribe/notify procedures for SEAL group management TS 24.544CR0001
  • Adding IANA registration template for SEAL group document TS 24.544CR0005
  • IANA registration template of SEAL location management TS 24.545CR0001
  • XML scheme for location reporting configuration procedure for SEAL location management TS 24.545CR0005
  • Change of service-based interface representation of the functional model for SEAL TS 23.434CR0006
  • SEAL APIs corrections TS 23.434CR0014

+ 3 more changes

Rel-17 26 changes
  • SEAL support for CoAP TS 23.434CR0051
  • SEAL Location Deviation Service TS 23.434CR0056
  • SEAL Event Monitoring Service TS 23.434CR0057
  • SEAL enable 5G CN capabilities for SEAL groups TS 23.434CR0065
  • SEAL Location Deviation Service Information flows and APIs TS 23.434CR0066
  • Utilize NEF location service for SEAL LM TS 23.434CR0076

+ 20 more changes

Rel-18 30 changes
  • SEAL Notification Management service – Functional Model TS 23.434CR0104
  • SEAL Notification Management service – Information Flows and Procedures TS 23.434CR0105
  • Update to SEAL architecture to include SEALDD TS 23.434CR0129
  • Add SEAL-3P reference point TS 23.434CR0218
  • SEAL NRM determines time synchronization activation for TSC stream TS 23.434CR0223
  • add new SEAL GMS capabilities TS 24.538CR0033

+ 24 more changes

Rel-19 20 changes
  • Add new architectural requirements for SEAL LMS TS 23.434CR0324
  • Add valued location services functions for SEAL LMS TS 23.434CR0326
  • Add SEAL functional requirements for satellite connectivity TS 23.434CR0331
  • SEAL updates for metaverser services TS 23.434CR0333
  • Add the business relationship for SEAL deployment with satellite connectivity TS 23.434CR0363
  • UAE-layer/SEAL/LMS assisted NTZ enforcement TS 24.257CR0054

+ 14 more changes

Rel-20 9 changes
  • The deployment options of SEAL client TS 23.434CR0408
  • The business relationship involving SEAL client provider TS 23.434CR0409
  • Support of SEAL services over Satellite Access TS 23.434CR0422
  • Deployment of SEAL location enabler on-board satellite TS 23.434CR0423
  • Genralizing provisions to be applicable to any SEAL service consumer TS 29.548CR0073
  • Generalizing provisions to be applicable to any SEAL service consumer TS 29.435CR0064

+ 3 more changes

Explore further

Broader topics and technologies where SEAL plays a role.

Defining Specifications

3GPP specifications that define or reference SEAL, with the latest known release. Sourced from the 3GPP document catalog — see methodology.

SpecificationTitleRelease
TS 23.255 vk00 UAS Application Enabler Architecture Rel-20
TS 23.433 vk30 SEAL Data Delivery Enabler Architecture Rel-20
TS 23.434 vk10 Service Enabler Architecture Layer (SEAL) for Verticals Rel-20
TS 23.438 vk30 Digital Asset Service for Mobile Metaverse Rel-20
TS 23.482 vk20 AIML Enablement (AIMLE) Service Architecture Rel-20
TS 23.554 vj80 MSGin5G Service Application Architecture Rel-19
TS 23.558 vk20 Edge Computing Application Layer Architecture Rel-20
TS 23.700 vk10 AI/ML Application Layer Support Phase 2 Rel-20
TR 23.745 vh00 Study on App Layer Support for Factories of the Future in 5G Rel-17
TS 24.257 vj40 UAS Application Enabler (UAE) Layer Rel-19
TS 24.486 vj00 V2X Application Enabler (VAE) Protocol Spec Rel-19
TS 24.538 vj40 MSGin5G Service Protocol Specification Rel-19
TS 24.542 vj00 SEAL Notification Management Protocol Rel-19
TS 24.543 vk00 Data Delivery Management for Vertical Applications in 3GPP Rel-20
TS 24.544 vj10 SEAL Group Management Protocol Specification Rel-19
TS 24.545 vj40 SEAL Location Management Protocol Specification Rel-19
TS 24.546 vj40 SEAL Configuration Management Protocol Rel-19
TS 24.547 vj00 SEAL Identity Management Protocol Rel-19
TS 24.548 vk00 SEAL Network Resource Management Protocol Rel-20
TS 24.549 vj20 SEAL Network Slice Capability Enablement Protocol Rel-19
TS 24.550 vk00 Metaverse Application Protocol and APIs over 3GPP Network Rel-20
TS 24.558 vk00 Edge Application Enabler Server APIs Stage 3 Rel-20
TS 24.559 vj41 Application Data Analytics Enablement Services Rel-19
TS 24.560 vk00 AI/ML Enabling SEAL Services Stage 3 Protocol and Data Model Rel-20
TS 26.531 vj00 Data Collection & Reporting Architecture for 5G Rel-19
TS 26.804 vk00 5G Media Streaming Architecture Extensions Rel-20
TR 26.857 vi00 Technical Report on Media Service Enablers Rel-18
TS 28.879 vj10 OAM for Service Management Exposure Study Rel-19
TS 29.435 vk00 NSCE Server Services Stage 3 Protocol Rel-20
TS 29.482 vk01 SEAL AIMLE Services Stage 3 API Specification Rel-20
TS 29.548 vk00 SEAL Data Delivery Server Services Rel-20
TS 29.549 vk01 SEAL Services APIs Rel-20
TS 29.558 vj70 Edge Applications over 3GPP Networks APIs Rel-19
TS 29.561 vk00 5G Network Interworking Procedures Rel-20
TS 33.434 vj00 Security aspects of SEAL for verticals Rel-19