SDP

Service Discovery Protocol

Protocol →
Introduced in R99 Also in: Core Network

SDP is a Bluetooth protocol used by devices to discover what services other Bluetooth devices offer and to determine the characteristics of those available services.

Category
Protocol
Introduced
R99
Where
Services › Codecs
Also touches
1 segments
Specifications
110 specs
SDP Description Purpose Related Classification Detected Changes Specifications

Description

The Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) is a core protocol in the Bluetooth specification, defined in the 3GPP context primarily for interoperability and testing references (e.g., in 3GPP TS 36.579 for LTE-WLAN interworking tests involving Bluetooth). SDP provides a mechanism for Bluetooth devices to discover services available on other Bluetooth devices and to retrieve the attributes of those services without prior knowledge. It operates in a client-server model: the device seeking services acts as an SDP client, while the device providing services acts as an SDP server. Each service is characterized by a set of attributes stored in an SDP server's service record database. The most fundamental attribute is a Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) which identifies the service class (e.g., Serial Port, Object Push, Headset Audio Gateway). SDP uses a request-response protocol over a dedicated L2CAP channel. A client can search for services based on service class UUIDs or browse an unspecified list of services offered by a server. Once a service of interest is discovered, the client can retrieve its attributes, which include information like the RFCOMM channel number or L2CAP Protocol Service Multiplexer (PSM) needed to actually connect to and use the service. SDP itself does not provide access to the services; it only provides the information needed to establish a connection using the appropriate protocol (e.g., RFCOMM for serial emulation, L2CAP for data channels). This design allows for a dynamic environment where devices can join and leave a piconet, advertising and discovering available capabilities on the fly. It is essential for the plug-and-play user experience associated with Bluetooth technology.

Purpose & Motivation

SDP was created to address a key challenge in ad-hoc wireless personal area networks (PANs): how can two Bluetooth devices, potentially from different manufacturers and with different capabilities, automatically determine what they can do together? Without a standardized discovery mechanism, users would need to manually configure connections, severely limiting usability and the potential for seamless interoperability. The purpose of SDP is to enable this automatic service discovery, which is the foundation for Bluetooth's goal of replacing cables. It solves the problem of service identification and description in a low-power, short-range, dynamic networking environment. Before establishing a data or voice connection, devices use SDP to answer questions like 'Does the other device offer a hands-free profile?' or 'Can it receive a business card?'. This allows applications to present users with meaningful options (e.g., 'Send File' or 'Use as Audio Output') only when the remote device supports them. Its creation was motivated by the need for a simple, efficient protocol that could run on resource-constrained devices and support the wide variety of services envisioned for Bluetooth, from file transfer to telephony control. By providing this discovery layer, SDP enabled the proliferation of interoperable Bluetooth profiles and the rich ecosystem of connected devices we see today.

Classification

Part ofUUID
Specific typesMONARD

Detected Changes Across Releases

from 3GPP Change Requests

Specific changes extracted from the „Change history“ tables of 3GPP specifications (72 CRs across 5 releases). Complements the general historical overview above with the evidence-based evolution of this function.

Rel-15 8 changes

In Release 15, the SDP function was extended to support new service discovery mechanisms, including the WebRTC Web Server Function discovery. It also introduced specific SDP body modifications for off-network Mission Critical services, such as adding an audio media level section for MCVideo group and private calls, and removing the IP address from the media-level section for MCData Standalone SDS. Furthermore, enhancements were made for ProSe direct discovery over WLAN with the addition of a Diameter AVP for charging.

  • WebRTC Web Server Function discovery TS 23.228CR1173
  • Add Diameter AVP for charging of WLAN-based ProSe direct discovery TS 32.299CR0796
  • Clarification on PCF discovery and selection TS 29.513CR0003
  • Correction to the PCF discovery and selection TS 29.513CR0016
  • Correction on PCF discovery TS 29.513CR0052
  • Adding audio media level section in SDP body for offnetwork MCVideo group and private call TS 24.281CR0072

+ 2 more changes

Rel-16 11 changes

In Release 16, the SDP function was enhanced to enable new network function discovery mechanisms, specifically allowing the SMF to perform P-CSCF discovery using the NRF and updating PCF discovery procedures for the AF within the eSBA architecture. It also introduced clarifications and corrections for HSS and S-CSCF discovery processes, including interface type selection via the NRF. Furthermore, the release addressed technical corrections in areas like IP Connectivity SDP offer/answer generation and the handling of erroneous protocol data.

  • HSS Discovery and Interface Type Selection TS 23.228CR1201
  • Allowing SMF to perform P-CSCF Discovery using NRF TS 23.228CR1202
  • Support for MCData emergency alert and communications MCC note: This CR introduces the abbreviation IMPU; MCC has added this in the list of abbreviations, choosing the most appropriate of the five variations appearing in other 3GPP Specs. Similarly, MCC has provided the expansions of abbreviations UUID and URN introduced, but not defined by, this CR. The newly introduced term "Group identity" has a circular definition. In §D.1.3,, "can" has been changed to "may" in newly introduced bullet points 11 c), 11 c) i), and 11 e). TS 24.282CR0126
  • DNN Replacement as PCF discovery factor for the AMF TS 29.513CR0122
  • Update of PCF discovery by the AF for eSBA TS 29.513CR0142
  • Clarification for HSS Discovery and Interface Type Selection TS 23.228CR1212

+ 5 more changes

Rel-17 23 changes

In Release 17, key SDP updates introduced specific discovery procedures for new functional entities like the TSCTSF (Transit and Screening Control Function) and the NWDAF (Network Data Analytics Function) by the PCF (Policy Control Function). Furthermore, the release enhanced the discovery mechanisms for the PCF itself, including its use for a UE, for a PDU session, and within MBS (Multicast Broadcast Service) PCC (Policy and Charging Control) deployments. It also added the functional alias association protocol implementations for critical MCPTT, MCData, and MCVideo service groups.

  • Reference update for HTTP/1.1 protocol TS 24.259CR0055
  • Functional alias association with MCVideo group - protocol implementation TS 24.281CR0141
  • Functional alias association with MCData group - protocol implementation TS 24.282CR0265
  • Functional alias association with MCPTT group - protocol implementation TS 24.379CR0747
  • NWDAF discovery by the PCF TS 29.513CR0297
  • Completion of PCF discovery mechanisms TS 29.513CR0300

+ 17 more changes

Rel-18 26 changes

In Release 18, the SDP function was enhanced to support service discovery and capability exchange for new features including IMS Data Channels, V2X application servers for MBS, and RCS. Key additions involved new SDP attributes for data channel sub-protocols, direction attributes, and the encoding of configuration parameters for V2X MBS. The release also introduced clarifications and corrections for SDP offer-answer procedures in contexts like MCPTT, MCVideo, and one-to-one/group SDS communications.

  • IMS DC capability discovery TS 23.228CR1268
  • KI#4 Describe option to support MRF registration and discovery using NRF TS 23.228CR1265
  • MCVideo support of multiplexing - SDP offers and answers TS 24.281CR0215
  • MCPTT support of multiplexing - SDP offers and answers TS 24.379CR0889
  • V2X application server discovery for MBS TS 24.587CR0275
  • Introduction of V2X MBS parameter discovery TS 24.587CR0279

+ 20 more changes

Rel-19 4 changes

In Release 19, the SDP function was enhanced to support the negotiation of IMS application data channels by adding an `app-dc-status` parameter to the `3gpp-req-app` attribute. It also introduced a new affiliation check procedure for handling SIP MESSAGE requests used for absolute URI discovery. Furthermore, corrections were made to bandwidth (`b=AS`) calculations and SDP examples for Immersive Voice and Audio Services (IVAS).

  • Terminating local BDC establishment without BDC media component in SDP of incoming INVITE request TS 23.228CR1416
  • Adding app-dc-status parameter to 3gpp-req-app attribute for SDP negotiation of IMS application data channels TS 26.114CR0590
  • Affiliation check upon receiving a "SIP MESSAGE request for absolute URI discovery request" message TS 24.282CR0470
  • Corrections to b=AS calculations and SDP examples for IVAS TS 26.114CR0600

Explore further

Broader topics and technologies where SDP plays a role.

Defining Specifications

3GPP specifications that define or reference SDP, with the latest known release. Sourced from the 3GPP document catalog — see methodology.

SpecificationTitleRelease
TR 21.905 vj00 3GPP Technical Terms and Definitions Rel-19
TR 22.977 vj00 Speech Enabled Services and Multimodal Framework Rel-19
TS 23.140 v1600 MMS Non-Realtime Service Definition Rel-6
TS 23.207 vj00 End-to-End QoS Framework for GPRS Rel-19
TS 23.218 vj00 IMS Call Model Specification Rel-19
TS 23.228 vj50 IMS Stage-2 Service Description Rel-19
TS 23.231 vj00 SIP-I based CS core network stage 2 Rel-19
TS 23.333 vj00 MRFC-MRFP Mp Interface Requirements Rel-19
TS 23.479 vj00 MBMS API for Mission Critical Services Rel-19
TS 23.701 vc00 WebRTC Access to IMS Architecture Study Rel-12
TR 23.758 vh00 Study on Edge Application Architecture Rel-17
TS 23.792 vg00 MBMS API for Mission Critical Services Rel-16
TS 23.802 v1700 Enhanced End-to-End QoS Architecture Rel-7
TS 23.849 vb00 Study on IMS Roaming Media Optimization Rel-11
TS 23.894 va00 IMS Local Breakout & Optimal Media Routing Study Rel-10
TR 23.979 vj00 PoC over 3GPP Systems Architectural Requirements Rel-19
TS 24.103 vj00 Telepresence Protocol for IMS Rel-19
TS 24.147 vj00 IMS Conferencing Protocol Details Rel-19
TS 24.173 vj00 Multimedia Telephony Service and Supplementary Services in IMS Rel-19
TS 24.196 vj00 Enhanced Calling Name (eCNAM) Stage 3 Protocol Rel-19
TS 24.206 v1700 Voice Call Continuity Between CS and IMS Rel-7
TS 24.228 v1500 IP Multimedia Call Control Signaling Flows Rel-5
TS 24.229 vj50 IMS call control protocol based on SIP and SDP Rel-19
TS 24.247 vj10 IMS Messaging Service Protocol Details Rel-19
TS 24.259 vj00 Personal Network Management (PNM) Protocol Details Rel-19
TS 24.281 vj40 MCVideo Signalling Control Specification Rel-19
TS 24.282 vj50 MCData Signalling Control Protocols Rel-19
TS 24.315 vj00 Operator Determined Barring (ODB) for IMS Rel-19
TS 24.379 vj50 Mission Critical Push To Talk (MCPTT) call control Rel-19
TS 24.385 vj00 V2X Communication Provisioning Management Object Rel-19
TS 24.386 vj00 V2X Communication Protocols and Procedures Rel-19
TS 24.404 v1700 Communication Diversion Services (CDIV) Rel-7
TS 24.405 v1700 Conference Service Protocol Description Rel-7
TS 24.406 v810 Message Waiting Indication (MWI) Protocol Rel-8
TS 24.407 v830 OIP and OIR Simulation Services Protocol Rel-8
TS 24.410 v810 Protocol Description of HOLD Services Rel-8
TS 24.416 v1700 Malicious Call Identification Service Rel-7
TS 24.428 v1700 Common Basic Communication Procedures Rel-7
TS 24.454 v840 Closed User Group (CUG) Protocol Specification Rel-8
TS 24.504 v8m0 Communication Diversion Services Stage 3 Rel-8
TS 24.516 v830 MCID Protocol Specification for NGN Rel-8
TS 24.528 v830 Common Basic Communication Procedures for IMS Services Rel-8
TS 24.575 vj00 UE Pre-configuration for MBS Rel-19
TS 24.587 vj30 V2X Services Protocols for 5G System Rel-19
TS 24.604 vj00 Communications Diversion (CDIV) Protocol Spec Rel-19
TS 24.606 vj00 MWI Service Protocol Description Rel-19
TS 24.607 vj10 OIP and OIR Supplementary Services Stage 3 Rel-19
TS 24.610 vj00 Communication Hold (HOLD) Service Protocol Rel-19
TS 24.616 vj00 Malicious Call Identification (MCID) Protocol Rel-19
TS 24.628 vj00 Common Basic Communication Procedures in IMS Rel-19
TS 24.654 vj00 Closed User Group (CUG) supplementary service Rel-19
TS 24.803 vc00 Telepresence using IMS - Study Rel-12
TS 24.819 v1700 IMS Services via Fixed Broadband Access Rel-7
TR 24.930 vj00 IMS Session Setup Signalling Flows Rel-19
TS 26.114 vj10 IMS Multimedia Telephony Media Handling Rel-19
TS 26.142 vj00 3GPP TS 26.142: Dynamic and Interactive Multimedia Scenes (DIMS) Rel-19
TS 26.223 vj00 IMS Telepresence Client Specification Rel-19
TS 26.233 vf00 3GPP Packet-Switched Streaming Service (PSS) Rel-15
TS 26.234 vj00 3GPP PSS Protocols and Codecs Specification Rel-19
TS 26.235 vc00 Default Codecs for 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem Rel-12
TS 26.236 vc00 Packet Switched Conversational Multimedia Protocols Rel-12
TS 26.237 vj00 IMS for PSS and MBMS Control Rel-19
TS 26.244 vj00 3GPP File Format (3GP) Specification Rel-19
TS 26.253 vj00 IVAS Codec Algorithmic Description Rel-19
TS 26.346 vj20 MBMS User Services Media Codecs & Protocols Rel-19
TS 26.347 vj00 MBMS Transport Protocol and API (TRAPI) Rel-19
TS 26.348 vj00 xMB Interface Specification Rel-19
TS 26.506 vj20 Real-Time Media Communication Architecture for 5G Rel-19
TS 26.517 vj10 5G MBS User Service Protocols and Formats Rel-19
TS 26.802 vj20 Multicast Enhancements for 5G Media Streaming Rel-19
TS 26.827 vc00 IMS-based Streaming & Download Delivery Enhancements Rel-12
TS 26.847 vj00 AI/ML Evaluation in 5G Media Services Rel-19
TR 26.862 vh00 Immersive Teleconferencing & Telepresence for Remote Terminals Rel-17
TS 26.881 vf00 MBMS FEC for Mission Critical Services Study Rel-15
TR 26.902 vj00 Video Codec Performance for 3GPP Packet Services Rel-19
TR 26.905 vj00 Study on Mobile 3D Video Services Rel-19
TR 26.910 vj00 MTSI enhancements for RAN delay budget reporting Rel-19
TR 26.914 vj00 Multimedia Telephony over IP Optimization Rel-19
TR 26.923 vj00 Study on IMS-based Telepresence Media Handling Rel-19
TR 26.924 vj00 MTSI QoS Improvement Study Rel-19
TR 26.928 vj00 Study on eXtended Reality (XR) in 5G Rel-19
TR 26.937 vj00 3GPP PSS Characterization Rel-19
TR 26.946 vj00 MBMS User Services Overview Rel-19
TR 26.962 vj00 ITT4RT Operation and Usage Guidelines Rel-19
TR 26.980 vj00 Multi-stream Multiparty Conferencing Media Handling Rel-19
TR 26.982 vj00 Multiparty Real-Time Text Protocol Details Rel-19
TR 26.998 vj00 5G AR/MR Glasses Integration Study Rel-19
TS 27.060 vj00 TE-MT Interworking for Packet Domain Rel-19
TS 29.232 vj00 Mc Interface Protocol Profile Rel-19
TS 29.238 vj00 H.248 Profile for IBCF-TrGW Interface Rel-19
TS 29.332 vj00 MGCF-IM-MGW Interface Protocol (Mn) Rel-19
TS 29.333 vj00 MRFC-MRFP Mp Interface Protocol Rel-19
TS 29.334 vj00 IMS-ALG to IMS-AGW Interface Protocol Rel-19
TS 29.414 vj00 Nb Interface Bearer Transport & Control Protocols Rel-19
TS 29.421 v810 IMS Interworking with External IP Networks Rel-8
TS 29.424 v801 H.248 Profile for Trunking Media Gateways Rel-8
TS 29.513 vj40 5G PCC Signalling Flows & QoS Mapping Rel-19
TS 29.514 vj40 5G System; Policy Authorization Service; Stage 3 Rel-19
TS 29.864 v801 Application Server Service Data Definition for IMS Telephony Rel-8
TS 31.103 vj00 ISIM Application Specification Rel-19
TS 32.260 vj10 IMS Charging Management Rel-19
TS 32.272 vj00 Charging for Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC) Rel-19
TS 32.299 vj00 Diameter Charging Applications for 3GPP Rel-19
TS 33.108 vj00 LI Handover Interface Specification Rel-19
TS 33.128 vj50 3GPP TS 33.128: Lawful Interception Protocols Rel-19
TS 33.203 vj10 IMS Security Specification Rel-19
TS 33.303 vj00 ProSe Security Specification for EPS Rel-19
TS 33.871 vc00 Security for WebRTC IMS Client Access Rel-12
TS 36.579 3GPP TR 36.579 R99
TS 37.579 vi40 Mission Critical services conformance testing Rel-18