Description
The Frequency Selection Area Identity (MBS) is a critical network identifier within the 5G Multicast/Broadcast Service (MBS) framework, designed to manage and optimize the delivery of broadcast and multicast content. In 5G, MBS enables efficient point-to-multipoint transmission, where a single data stream is delivered to multiple User Equipments (UEs) within a specific geographical area, conserving radio resources compared to individual unicast transmissions. The MBS identifier is used to define a Frequency Selection Area (FSA), which is a logical area where specific frequency resources are allocated for MBS transmissions. This area can be dynamically configured based on factors such as user density, service demand, and network load, allowing operators to flexibly manage spectrum.
Architecturally, the MBS identifier is configured and managed by the 5G Core Network (5GC) and Radio Access Network (RAN). It is associated with MBS session contexts and is used by network functions like the Multicast/Broadcast Service Function (MBSF) and gNBs to coordinate resource allocation. When a UE subscribes to an MBS service, the network uses the MBS identifier to determine the appropriate frequency resources and transmission parameters. The identifier ensures that UEs within the same FSA can efficiently receive the multicast/broadcast stream without unnecessary signaling overhead, as they can synchronize to the same physical resources identified by the MBS.
How it works involves several steps. First, the 5GC establishes an MBS session and assigns an MBS identifier corresponding to a Frequency Selection Area. This identifier is communicated to the RAN and UEs via control signaling, such as through System Information Blocks (SIBs) or dedicated RRC messages. The gNB then schedules MBS transmissions on specific time-frequency resources (e.g., Physical Downlink Shared Channel slots) tagged with this identifier. UEs monitoring for MBS services use the MBS identifier to filter and decode the relevant transmissions, enabling them to receive content like live video streaming or software updates efficiently. The identifier also supports mobility, as UEs moving between FSAs can be handed over to new MBS identifiers to maintain service continuity.
Key components interacting with the MBS identifier include the MBSF in the core network, which manages MBS session policies, and the gNB in the RAN, which handles radio resource scheduling. The identifier plays a role in network slicing by allowing dedicated resources for MBS within a slice, ensuring QoS for broadcast services. Its technical implementation involves encoding in protocols like NGAP and F1AP for core-RAN communication and RRC for UE configuration, ensuring seamless integration into the 5G system architecture.
Purpose & Motivation
The MBS identifier was introduced to address the inefficiencies of using unicast transmissions for delivering popular content to many users simultaneously, such as live sports events or emergency alerts. In previous cellular generations, broadcast services like Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) in LTE existed but had limitations in flexibility and integration with 5G's service-based architecture. The motivation for MBS in 5G, including its identifiers, stems from the growing demand for high-quality, low-latency group communications, which are essential for applications like public safety, automotive updates, and media distribution.
Historically, LTE's MBMS used temporary mobile group identities and service areas, but these were less dynamic and not fully integrated with 5G's network slicing and edge computing capabilities. The MBS identifier solves these problems by providing a more granular and flexible way to manage frequency resources for multicast/broadcast. It allows operators to dynamically define areas based on real-time demand, optimizing spectrum usage and reducing interference. This is particularly important in 5G, where spectrum is a scarce resource, and services require stringent QoS.
The creation of the MBS identifier was motivated by the need to support new use cases in 5G, such as Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications and immersive media, where efficient group communication is critical. By enabling precise control over frequency selection areas, the identifier helps achieve the low latency and high reliability required for these applications. It also facilitates the convergence of broadcast and unicast services within a unified 5G framework, allowing operators to leverage existing infrastructure for innovative services.
Classification
Detected Changes Across Releases
from 3GPP Change RequestsSpecific changes extracted from the „Change history“ tables of 3GPP specifications (896 CRs across 6 releases). Complements the general historical overview above with the evidence-based evolution of this function.
Studied in Rel-13, normative work from Rel-15.
In Release 15, the MBS (Mission Critical Service) function was newly introduced through the definition of Access Identity 2, which is used by UEs configured for MCS in authorized PLMNs. This allows the network to apply specific unified access control barring parameters for mission-critical access attempts. The release also included UE configuration details for this access identity and introduced an MCS Indicator to support these services.
- UE configuration for AC 11-15 and MCS (access identity 2) TS 24.501CR0083
- MCS Indicator and Access Identity 2 TS 24.501CR0614
- 5G in AT-commands for network registration and PLMN selection TS 27.007CR0543
- New AT command to set access selection preferences for MO SMS over NAS in 5GS TS 27.007CR0580
- Selection of NAS procedures for E-UTRA connected to both EPC and 5GC TS 23.501CR0147
- Clarify the method of configuring the UE to use Access Identity 1 TS 24.501CR0255
+ 96 more changes
In Release 16, the MBS (Frequency Selection Area Identity) function was not a subject of the documented changes. The provided CR titles and grounding context for this release focus on enhancements for network function discovery and selection (e.g., SMF, PCF, NWDAF), analytics-based selection, and access network selection mechanisms, but do not mention any specific updates or introductions related to MBS or Frequency Selection Area Identity.
- CIoT Introduction of CN Selection and Steering TS 23.501CR0896
- ATSSS-SMF and UPF selection TS 23.501CR0761
- Trusted non-3GPP Access Network Selection TS 23.501CR0783
- eSBA communication schemas related to general discovery and selection TS 23.501CR0799
- eSBA communication schemas related to UDM and UDR discovery and selection TS 23.501CR0800
- Use of analytics for SMF selection TS 23.501CR0940
+ 150 more changes
In Release 17, enhancements for MBS (Multicast Broadcast Service) focused on improving service resilience, with new procedures for MBS session restoration upon MB-UPF failure, both with and without restart. Furthermore, the release introduced mechanisms for the restoration of a Broadcast MBS session specifically following an NG-RAN failure. These additions provided more robust continuity for multicast and broadcast sessions in the event of network function or access network failures.
- NWDAF discovery and selection TS 23.501CR2575
- NWDAF discovery and selection based on provided ML models TS 23.501CR2585
- UP path selection enhancement based on analytics info provided by NWDAF TS 23.501CR2586
- NWDAF discovery and selection for model sharing TS 23.501CR2614
- KI #1-1, I-SMF selection TS 23.501CR2634
- Adding some parameters for local NEF selection TS 23.501CR2656
+ 297 more changes
In Release 18, the MBS (Frequency Selection Area Identity) function was enhanced to support V2X services and Broadcast Remote ID, with the introduction of specific 5QIs for V2X message delivery. Additionally, MBS functionality was extended to support UEs using power saving functions. The release also introduced requirements for manual selection, including the addition of PALs (Primary Additional Licensed Spectrum) for this purpose.
- Addition of PALs requirement for manual selection TS 22.261CR0627
- MBS support for Broadcast Remote ID TS 23.256CR0089
- MBS support for V2X services TS 23.287CR0187
- N3IWF selection enhancement for support of S-NSSAI needed by UE TS 23.501CR3707
- Discovery and Selection of the NWDAF Supporting Federated Learning in 5GC TS 23.501CR3772
- KI#4 23.501 AF traffic influence for common EAS, DNAI selection TS 23.501CR3788
+ 261 more changes
In Release 19, the MBS (Multicast Broadcast Service) function introduced new procedures for session resilience and media delivery, specifically a Multicast MBS session restoration procedure for N3mb path failure and enhancements for in-session unicast repair for MBS object distribution. The release also defined new MBS user service and delivery protocols for eMBMS and added features for MBS time synchronization as part of advanced media delivery.
- RVAS with target NF selection enhancement. TS 23.501CR5364
- NF discovery and selection by target PLMN TS 23.501CR5399
- Support of UPF selection according to the conclusion in FS_UPEAS_Ph2 TS 23.501CR5441
- I-SMF selection/insertion based on local offloading allowed indication TS 23.501CR5604
- Support of L-PSA UPF Selection Considering N6 Delay TS 23.501CR5437
- I-SMF selection/insertion based on local offloading allowed indication TS 23.501CR5871
+ 60 more changes
In Release 20, the MBS (Frequency Selection Area Identity) function introduced support for a Dynamic Network Identity, enhancing network selection mechanisms. This allowed for more flexible and policy-driven selection among available PLMN/RAT combinations, particularly for accessing network slices or non-public networks. The update aimed to minimize service interruption and signaling during network changes, leveraging criteria like UE location and configured frequencies.
Explore further
Broader topics and technologies where MBS plays a role.
Defining Specifications
3GPP specifications that define or reference MBS, with the latest known release. Sourced from the 3GPP document catalog — see methodology.
| Specification | Title | Release |
|---|---|---|
| TS 22.261 vk30 | 5G System Service Requirements | Rel-20 |
| TS 23.256 vj50 | UAS Support Architecture Enhancements | Rel-19 |
| TS 23.287 vj00 | 5G V2X Architecture Enhancements | Rel-19 |
| TS 23.501 vk00 | 5G System Architecture Stage 2 | Rel-20 |
| TS 23.527 vj50 | 5G System Restoration Procedures | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.281 vj40 | MCVideo Signalling Control Specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.282 vj50 | MCData Signalling Control Protocols | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.379 vj50 | Mission Critical Push To Talk (MCPTT) call control | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.380 vj10 | MCPTT Media Plane Control Protocol | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.501 vj50 | 5G NAS Protocols Specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.548 vj10 | SEAL Network Resource Management Protocol | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.575 vj00 | UE Pre-configuration for MBS | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.577 vj10 | A2X Services in 5GS | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.578 vj00 | UE policies for A2X services in 5GS | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.581 vj00 | MCVideo Media Plane Control Protocol Specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.582 vj00 | MCData Media Plane Control Protocols | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.587 vj30 | V2X Services Protocols for 5G System | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.588 vj00 | UE Policies for V2X Services in 5GS | Rel-19 |
| TS 25.305 vj00 | UTRAN UE Positioning Stage 2 | Rel-19 |
| TS 25.306 vj00 | UE Radio Access Capabilities Specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 25.331 vj00 | UTRAN RRC Protocol Specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 25.413 vj00 | Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) | Rel-19 |
| TS 25.453 vj00 | PCAP Protocol Specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 26.502 vj30 | 5G Multicast-Broadcast User Services Architecture | Rel-19 |
| TS 26.512 vj10 | 5G Media Streaming Protocols & APIs | Rel-19 |
| TS 26.517 vj10 | 5G MBS User Service Protocols and Formats | Rel-19 |
| TS 26.802 vj20 | Multicast Enhancements for 5G Media Streaming | Rel-19 |
| TS 26.804 vj10 | 5G Media Streaming Extensions Study | Rel-19 |
| TR 26.857 vi00 | Technical Report on Media Service Enablers | Rel-18 |
| TR 26.942 vj00 | Study on Media Energy Consumption Exposure & Evaluation | Rel-19 |
| TR 26.998 vj00 | 5G AR/MR Glasses Integration Study | Rel-19 |
| TS 27.007 vj40 | AT Command Set for UE | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.171 vj00 | LCS Application Protocol (LCS-AP) Specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.244 vj40 | PFCP Specification for Control/User Plane Separation | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.510 vj50 | NRF Service Based Interface Protocol | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.513 vj40 | 5G PCC Signalling Flows & QoS Mapping | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.518 vj50 | AMF Service Based Interface Protocol | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.522 vj40 | 5G NEF Northbound APIs Stage 3 | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.532 vj30 | MB-SMF Service Based Interface Protocol | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.537 vj10 | 5G Multicast/Broadcast Policy Control Services | Rel-19 |
| TS 32.255 vk10 | Telecom Management; Charging for 5G Data Connectivity | Rel-20 |
| TS 32.279 vj00 | 5G MBS Session Converged Charging | Rel-19 |
| TR 33.850 vh00 | 5G MBS Security Study | Rel-17 |
| TS 36.305 vj00 | UE Positioning in E-UTRAN Stage 2 | Rel-19 |
| TS 36.355 vj00 | LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) | Rel-19 |
| TS 36.509 vh40 | EPC Special UE Conformance Testing Functions | Rel-17 |
| TS 37.171 vj00 | UE Positioning Performance Requirements | Rel-19 |
| TS 37.355 vj20 | LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) | Rel-19 |
| TS 37.480 vj00 | E1 Interface General Aspects and Principles | Rel-19 |
| TS 37.483 vj10 | E1 Application Protocol (E1AP) | Rel-19 |
| TS 37.571 vj00 | UE Conformance for Positioning | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.212 vj10 | NR Multiplexing and Channel Coding | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.213 vj10 | NR Physical Layer Control Procedures | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.300 vj00 | NG-RAN Overall Description | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.304 vj00 | UE RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE Procedures | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.305 vj00 | NG-RAN UE Positioning Stage 2 | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.306 vj00 | NR UE Radio Access Capability Parameters | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.321 vj00 | NR MAC Protocol Specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.322 vj00 | NR Radio Link Control (RLC) Protocol | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.323 vj00 | Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.331 vj00 | NR Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol Specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.401 vj10 | NG-RAN Architecture Specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.410 vj10 | NG Interface Introduction for NG-RAN to 5GC | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.413 vj10 | NG Application Protocol (NGAP) | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.415 vj10 | PDU Session User Plane Protocol | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.420 vj10 | Introduction to Xn interface specifications | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.423 vj10 | Xn Application Protocol (XnAP) specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.425 vj10 | NR User Plane Protocol Specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.470 vj10 | F1 Interface Introduction | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.473 vj10 | 5G F1 Application Protocol (F1AP) | Rel-19 |
| TS 38.523 vj20 | 5G NR UE Conformance Testing: Idle/Inactive | Rel-19 |
| TR 38.890 vh00 | NR QoE Management and Optimization | Rel-17 |