Description
The Data Network Name (DNN) is a fundamental identifier in the 5G System (5GS) and Evolved Packet System (EPS). It is a string (e.g., "internet", "ims") that uniquely identifies a Packet Data Network (PDN) or Data Network (DN) external to the 3GPP network. When a UE establishes a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Session in 5GS or a PDN Connection in EPS, it must specify a DNN. This DNN is a key parameter used by the network to select the appropriate User Plane Function (UPF) in 5GS or Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) in EPS that provides connectivity to that external network.
Architecturally, the DNN is used in conjunction with other identifiers like the Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information (S-NSSAI). Upon receiving a PDU Session Establishment Request with a DNN, the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) interacts with the Session Management Function (SMF). The SMF uses the DNN, along with subscription data from the Unified Data Management (UDM) and policies from the Policy Control Function (PCF), to select a specific UPF instance. The DNN determines the external network's point of interconnection and influences the session's QoS characteristics, charging policies, and security requirements.
The DNN's role extends beyond simple gateway selection. It is integral to policy and charging control. The PCF may apply different policy and charging control (PCC) rules based on the DNN. For example, traffic destined for the DNN "internet" might have one set of QoS rules, while traffic for a DNN associated with a low-latency enterprise service would have another. The DNN is also used in network exposure; when a third-party application function (AF) requests specific traffic handling, it often references the DNN. Furthermore, the DNN is a critical parameter for network slicing, as a slice can be configured to support only specific DNNs, enabling service-specific network partitions.
Purpose & Motivation
The DNN was introduced to fulfill the same essential purpose as the Access Point Name (APN) in earlier systems but within the new service-based architecture of 5GS. It solves the problem of unambiguously identifying the external data network to which a user's session should be connected. This is a fundamental requirement for routing user plane traffic correctly and applying appropriate network policies.
In the context of 5G's support for diverse services (eMBB, URLLC, mMTC), the DNN provides a clear handle for the network to differentiate between service types. For instance, a UE might use one DNN for regular internet browsing and a different DNN for accessing a mission-critical industrial IoT service, even though both sessions might be served by the same UE. This allows for simultaneous connectivity to multiple data networks with independent policy treatment.
The evolution from APN to DNN reflects architectural simplification and alignment with IP networking principles. While APN had a structure that included network and operator identifiers, the DNN is a more straightforward label. Its purpose is deeply integrated with 5G's core tenets: network slicing, where a DNN may be mapped to a specific slice instance; service-based architecture, where the DNN is a common parameter across Nsmf, Npcf, and other service-based interfaces; and support for edge computing, where a DNN can point to a local area data network (LADN). It addresses the limitations of the older APN model by being more flexible and better suited for automated management and orchestration in cloud-native 5G cores.
Detected Changes Across Releases
from 3GPP Change RequestsSpecific changes extracted from the „Change history“ tables of 3GPP specifications (118 CRs across 5 releases). Complements the general historical overview above with the evidence-based evolution of this function.
In Release 15, the DNN (Data Network Name) function was enhanced with new capabilities including wildcard DNN subscriptions and the selection of the same SMF and UPF for PDU sessions using the same DNN within a network slice. It also introduced specific handling for emergency services, local area data networks (LADN), and invalid DNNs, along with clarifications on subscription checks and SMF selection procedures.
- Addition of DNN object in PDU session establishment parameters TS 31.111CR0705
- Wildcard DNN subscription TS 23.501CR0021
- Select the same SMF+UPF for PDU sessions of the same DNN within one slice TS 23.501CR0187
- Correction to DNN subscription TS 23.501CR0251
- Clarification on a wildcard DNN TS 23.501CR0465
- DNN Usage Clarification TS 23.501CR0500
+ 16 more changes
In Release 16, key enhancements for the DNN function included the introduction of DNN replacement procedures within the 5G Core network and more deterministic PCF selection rules, mandating the same PCF be selected for multiple PDU Sessions associated with the same combination of UE ID, S-NSSAI, and DNN. These changes provided greater control for network operators in managing user data traffic and ensured consistent policy application for sessions with identical service profiles.
- 23.501 part of PCF selection for PDU sessions with same DNN and S-NSSAI TS 23.501CR1375
- DNN replacement TS 29.507CR0081
- Completion of DNN replacement functionality TS 29.507CR0102
- Correction to the DNN replacement TS 29.507CR0112
- Add DNN and Slice filter TS 29.508CR0087
- Same PCF selection for the same UE ID, S-NSSAI and DNN combination TS 29.512CR0383
+ 30 more changes
In Release 17, the DNN function was enhanced to support new operational scenarios and service integrations. Key additions included explicit support for DNN and S-NSSAI usage in procedures for Standalone Non-Public Network (SNPN) and Public Network Integrated Non-Public Network (PNI-NPN) onboarding, UAS (Unmanned Aircraft System) service fallback, and integration with APIs like ChargeableParty and AsSessionWithQoS. The release also introduced clarifications for handling Local Area Data Network (LADN) DNNs, DNN replacement with URSP rules, and the optional use of DNN for emergency sessions during interworking with EPS.
- DNN setting in the 5GSM sublayer TS 24.501CR2860
- DNN/S-NSSAI providing in PDU session establishment for SNPN onboarding TS 24.501CR3322
- PDU session establishment with the DNN/S-NSSAI for UAS service from the UE whch has valid aerial subscription but UUAA-MM is failed abnormally TS 24.501CR3792
- Update DNN and S-NSSAI in ChargeableParty API TS 29.122CR0347
- Update DNN and S-NSSAI in AsSessionWithQoS API TS 29.122CR0348
- Update DNN and S-NSSAI in MonitoringEvent API TS 29.122CR0488
+ 23 more changes
In Release 18, enhancements for DNN focused on its interaction with network slicing (S-NSSAI), particularly for Local Area Data Network (LADN) services. Key updates included enabling LADN provisioning and AMF enforcement per combined DNN and S-NSSAI, refining UE policy and URSP rules for subscribed DNN/S-NSSAI, and clarifying procedures for DNN selection with an Alternative S-NSSAI. These changes provided more granular service management by treating DNN and network slice as an integrated pair.
- General updates for LADN per DNN & S-NSSAI TS 24.501CR5011
- 5GMM procedure updates for LADN per DNN & S-NSSAI TS 24.501CR5012
- 5GSM procedure updates for LADN per DNN & S-NSSAI TS 24.501CR5013
- AMF enforcement for LADN per DNN & S-NSSAI TS 24.501CR5213
- LADN per DNN & S-NSSAI handling for legacy UE TS 24.501CR5370
- URSP updates for LADN per DNN & S-NSSAI TS 24.526CR0167
+ 21 more changes
In Release 19, the DNN (Data Network Name) function was enhanced to support its explicit association with network slice information (S-NSSAI) in specific procedures. This included defining how DNN and slice data are provided in Terminal Response commands for PLI (Packet Loss Information) and in Communication Failure Event reporting. Additionally, specifications were corrected for the coding of the DNN within the SOR-CMCI (Steering of Roaming - Connectivity and Mobility Control Information) rule and for ensuring slice info and DNN selection mode are properly included where required.
- DNN association for served S-NSSAI in Terminal Response for PLI - list of slices information and Envelope (Event Download slice status) command TS 31.111CR0871
- DNN and Slice information for Communication Failure Event TS 29.503CR1362
- Rel-19 CR 32.255 Correction of missing the Slice Info and the DNN Selection Mode TS 32.255CR0602
- Coding of the DNN in SOR-CMCI rule of SOR transparent container IE TS 24.501CR6778
Explore further
Broader topics and technologies where DNN plays a role.
Defining Specifications
3GPP specifications that define or reference DNN, with the latest known release. Sourced from the 3GPP document catalog — see methodology.
| Specification | Title | Release |
|---|---|---|
| TR 22.874 vi20 | Technical Report | Rel-18 |
| TS 23.180 vj10 | MC services support in IOPS mode | Rel-19 |
| TS 23.228 vj50 | IMS Stage-2 Service Description | Rel-19 |
| TS 23.501 vk00 | 5G System Architecture Stage 2 | Rel-20 |
| TS 23.558 vk00 | Architecture for Edge Applications | Rel-20 |
| TS 23.700 vk00 | XR Services Application Enablement Layer | Rel-20 |
| TR 23.758 vh00 | Study on Edge Application Architecture | Rel-17 |
| TS 24.229 vj50 | IMS call control protocol based on SIP and SDP | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.483 vj20 | Mission Critical Services Management Object | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.484 vj30 | MCS Configuration Management | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.501 vj50 | 5G NAS Protocols Specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.526 vj30 | UE Policies for 5GS; Stage 3 | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.549 vj10 | SEAL Network Slice Capability Enablement Protocol | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.575 vj00 | UE Pre-configuration for MBS | Rel-19 |
| TS 24.890 vg00 | 5G NAS Protocol for 5GS Stage 3 | Rel-16 |
| TS 26.501 vj30 | 5G Media Streaming (5GMS) Architecture | Rel-19 |
| TS 26.512 vj10 | 5G Media Streaming Protocols & APIs | Rel-19 |
| TS 26.847 vj00 | AI/ML Evaluation in 5G Media Services | Rel-19 |
| TS 26.891 vg00 | Media Distribution Services in 5G System | Rel-16 |
| TR 26.927 vj00 | AI/ML in 5G Media Services Study | Rel-19 |
| TR 26.941 vj01 | 5G Media Slicing Extensions | Rel-19 |
| TS 28.538 vj40 | Edge Computing Management (ECM) | Rel-19 |
| TR 28.828 vi00 | Charging Aspects for Non-Public Networks | Rel-18 |
| TR 28.833 vi01 | Technical Report on 5G LAN-type Service Management | Rel-18 |
| TR 28.836 vi00 | Technical Report on Intent Driven Management | Rel-18 |
| TS 29.122 vj40 | T8 Reference Point for Northbound APIs | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.502 vj50 | 5G System; Nsmf Service Based Interface; Stage 3 | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.503 vj50 | UDM Service Based Interface Stage 3 | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.505 vj50 | UDR Service for Subscription Data Usage | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.507 vj40 | 5G Access & Mobility Policy Control Service | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.508 vj40 | 5G Session Management Event Exposure Service | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.512 vj40 | 5G Session Management Policy Control Service | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.514 vj40 | 5G System; Policy Authorization Service; Stage 3 | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.519 vj40 | UDR Usage for Policy & Exposure Data | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.520 vj40 | 5G Network Data Analytics Services Stage 3 | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.521 vj40 | 5G Binding Support Management Service Stage 3 | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.522 vj40 | 5G NEF Northbound APIs Stage 3 | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.523 vj20 | 5G Policy Control Event Exposure Service | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.525 vj40 | 5G UE Policy Control Service Stage 3 | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.532 vj30 | MB-SMF Service Based Interface Protocol | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.541 vj30 | NEF Service-Based Interfaces for NIDD & SMS | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.543 vj20 | 5G Data Transfer Policy Control Services Stage 3 | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.549 vj40 | SEAL API Specification for Vertical Applications | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.554 vj10 | 5G Background Data Transfer Policy Control Service | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.558 vj40 | Enabling Edge Applications | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.581 vj20 | MBSTF Service Based Interface Protocol Specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 29.890 vg00 | CT3 5G System Technical Report | Rel-16 |
| TS 31.111 vj30 | USIM Application Toolkit (USAT) Specification | Rel-19 |
| TS 32.255 vk10 | Telecom Management; Charging for 5G Data Connectivity | Rel-20 |
| TS 32.256 vj40 | 5G Connection & Mobility Charging Spec | Rel-19 |
| TS 32.899 vf10 | 5G Charging Architecture Study | Rel-15 |
| TS 33.501 vk00 | 5G Security Architecture and Procedures | Rel-20 |
| TR 33.739 vi10 | Study on security enhancement of support for | Rel-18 |
| TS 33.749 vj00 | Study on security aspects of edge computing enhancement | Rel-19 |